上海农村社区老年人群营养健康状况与常见慢性病风险的相关性研究

Correlation between nutritional health status and the risk of common chronic diseases among the elderly population in rural communities in Shanghai

摘要:

目的分析上海临港地区农村老年体检人群中慢性病与营养相关指标的关联性，探讨对农村老年慢性病人群实施多维度干预的必要性。 方法采集上海临港地区农村老年体检人群连续3年的体检资料，包括人口学资料、主要慢性病(高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肾功能异常)及营养相关指标。采用趋势卡方检验评估连续3年内主要慢性病患病率的变化趋势；Logistic回归分析影响慢性病患病率的相关因素。 结果临港地区农村老年人群的糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、共病患病率呈上升趋势，慢性肾病患病率呈下降趋势；男性糖尿病、高血压、共病患病率低于女性，男性血脂异常患病率高于女性；营养健康相关指标与不同慢性疾病的患病关联。 结论鼓励农村地区老年人群积极参与健康管理，特别是对于已患慢性病的人群，应提供更加精准且具有针对性的健康教育与干预措施，以改善其健康状况并降低慢性病负担。同时，应将形体健康作为营养不良早期筛查的重要指标予以重点关注，通过加强生活方式监测与营养状况评估，推广个体化饮食指导和科学营养干预策略，有效改善老年人群的营养水平，进而提升整体健康质量。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo analyze the association between the risk of chronic diseases and nutrition-related indicators in the rural elderly population receiving physical examination in Shanghai Lingang area, and to explore the necessity of multidimensional interventions for the rural elderly chronic disease population. MethodsThe physical examination data of the rural elderly physical examination population in Shanghai Lingang area were collected for three consecutive years, including demographic data, major chronic diseases(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and renal function abnormality) and nutrition-related indicators. Trends in the prevalence of major chronic diseases over the three consecutive years were assessed using the trend chi-square test; logistic regression was used to explore the factors affecting the prevalence of chronic diseases. ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and co-morbidities in the rural elderly population in Lingang area showed an increasing trend, while the prevalence of chronic kidney disease showed a decreasing trend. The prevalences of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and co-morbidities in men were all lower than those in women, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in men was higher than that in women; the prevalence of chronic diseases was affected by nutrition and health-related indicators in varying degrees. ConclusionThe elderly population in rural areas should be encouraged to actively participate in health management, especially for those who already suffer from chronic diseases, and more precise and targeted health education and interventions should be provided to improve their health status and reduce the burden of chronic diseases. At the same time, the problem of malnutrition should be focused on, the monitoring and assessment of lifestyle and nutritional status should be strengthened, and scientific dietary guidance and nutritional intervention strategies should be promoted to help the elderly population improve their nutritional level, thereby further improving the overall quality of health in those population.