嗅觉功能改变对术后神经认知功能障碍的影响及潜在临床价值研究进展

Research progresson the effets of olfactory function changes on postoperative neurocognitive disfunction and potential clinical value

摘要:

术后神经认知功能障碍是老年患者群体中常见的并发症，然而目前尚未厘清术后神经认知障碍的病理机制，其预防与治疗手段仍有局限。越来越多的研究开始关注嗅觉功能在该领域的潜在作用。嗅觉作为一种重要的感官系统，嗅觉功能受损已被证明与认知衰退及神经退行性疾病密切相关。本文综述了现有术后神经认知功能障碍的干预措施，探讨了嗅觉功能可能通过影响神经炎症、中枢神经退行性改变及情绪调节的潜在机制，影响术后神经认知功能障碍的发生发展。本文进一步探究了嗅觉在术后神经认知功能障碍中的临床应用潜力，包括嗅觉功能评估以识别评估术后神经认知功能障碍风险，围手术期嗅觉干预以缓解术后神经认知功能障碍。本综述对术后神经认知功能障碍的病理机制及其早期识别与干预进行了归纳总结，并探讨了可能的研究方向。

Abstract:

Postoperative neurocognitive disorders are common complications in elderly patients. However, the exact causes of these disorders are still not fully understood, and current methods for prevention and treatment remain limited. More and more studies are focusing on the potential role of olfactory function in this area. As an important sensory system, impaired olfactory function has been shown to be closely related to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes current olfactory interventions for postoperative neurocognitive disorders and explores how olfactory dysfunction may contribute to the development of these disorders through mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, central nervous system degeneration, and emotional regulation. This review also examines the clinical potential of olfactory function in postoperative neurocognitive disorders, including the use of olfactory assessments to identify patients at risk and perioperative olfactory interventions to reduce these disorders. This review summarizes existing research and explores potential research directions regarding the pathological mechanisms of perioperative neurocognitive disorders and their early identification and intervention.