相分离视角下的应激颗粒研究进展

Advances of stress granules from the perspective of phase separation

关键词:  应激颗粒  液-液相分离  RNP颗粒  内在无序区域  生物凝集物

Key words:  stress granules  liquid-liquid phase separations  ribonucleoprotein granules  intrinsically disordered region  biomolecular condensates

摘要:

应激颗粒(stress granules, SGs)是真核细胞响应应激刺激时翻译起始受到抑制而形成的非翻译信使核糖核蛋白(messenger ribonucleoprotein, mRNP)的聚集体。它动态地将翻译停滞的信使RNA(messenger RNA, mRNA)和一些蛋白质隔离到与周围细胞质环境不同的细胞区室中，同时通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用募集一些信号通路中的重要组分以调控细胞生存状态。而这一区室的形成和解离过程依赖于细胞内部的相分离。本文就应激颗粒、相分离、相分离在应激颗粒的组装和疾病机制中的作用及研究手段等方面进行综述，为探究应激颗粒与相分离之间的关系提供参考。

Abstract:

Stress granules(SGs) are untranslated messenger ribonucleoprotein（mRNP） condensates that formed in eukaryotic cells with an inhibition of translation initiation in response to stressors. SGs dynamically isolate translationally stalled mRNAs and proteins from surrounding cytoplasm into cellular compartments. Meanwhile, SGs regulates cell survival through the recruitment of essential components in some signaling pathways by the interaction between proteins. However, the assembly and disassembly of the cellular compartments rely on intercellular phase separation. This article reviews SGs, phase separation, the roles of phase separation in the assembly and pathological mechanism of SGs and their research methods to provide information for the relationship between SGs Stress granules(SGs) are untranslated messenger ribonucleoprotein（mRNP） condensates that formed in eukaryotic cells with an inhibition of translation initiation in response to stressors. SGs dynamically isolate translationally stalled mRNAs and proteins from surrounding cytoplasm into cellular compartments. Meanwhile, SGs regulates cell survival through the recruitment of essential components in some signaling pathways by the interaction between proteins. However, the assembly and disassembly of the cellular compartments rely on intercellular phase separation. This article reviews SGs, phase separation, the roles of phase separation in the assembly and pathological mechanism of SGs and their research methods to provide information for the relationship between SGs and phase separation.