上海市杨浦区45岁以上人群高血压患病及药物治疗的现状调查

Prevalence and medication of hypertension among adults over 45 in Shanghai Yangpu District

关键词:  高血压  中老年  降压药物  流行病学

Key words:  hypertension  middle-aged  antihypertensive drugs  epidemiology

摘要:

目的了解上海市杨浦区45岁以上人群高血压的患病及降压药物应用现状,为人群干预做基线调查。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取上海市杨浦区5个社区居委1502人进行病史、生活方式及2周内高血压服药情况调查,并测量血压、血糖、血脂等生化指标。根据血压控制达标情况分为血压控制组及未控制组。结果高血压标准化患病率为37.1%,583人男性中有高血压患者219人（37.6%）,919位女性中有高血压患者338人（36.8%）。高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为87.4%、74.9%、29.4%;男性患者的高血压控制率低于女性患者（P＜0.05）。血压控制组与未控制组在吸烟人数、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）这三个变量存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。降压药物使用方面,血压控制组选择二药连用的人多于未控制组,而未控制组使用复方降压药物的人多于血压控制组（P＜0.05）。结论社区高血压控制率依旧处于较低水平,社区卫生服务中心应强化对中老年高血压患者降压药物使用的规范管理与跟踪调查。

Abstract:

Objective To survey the prevalence of hypertension and status of antihypertensive medication among adults over 45 in Shanghai Yangpu District.Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to survey 1 502 residents from 5 communities in the District by examining their medical history,lifestyle and compliance of antihypertensive medication within 2 weeks,and the levels of metabolism biochemical indicators were measured.The subjects were divided into blood pressure（BP） controlled group and uncontrolled group.Results The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was 37.1% in adults aged >45:37.6% for males and 36.8% for females.The awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension were 87.4%,74.9% and 29.4%,respectively.Hypertension control rate of males was lower than that of females（P<0.05）.The number of smokers,total cholesterol（TC）,low-density lipoprotein（LDL-C） were significantly higher in BP controlled group than those in uncontrolled group（P<0.05）.There were more people in BP controlled group using two kinds of antihypertensive drugs; and more people in the uncontrolled group choosing a compound antihypertensive drugs（P<0.05）.Conclusion The low hypertension control rate indicates that community health service centers should improve the management and antihypertensive medication for hypertensive patients in the community.